|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Short description|French philosopher (1925–1995)}}
| | '''Desire Machine''' is a project within the Atlas of Smooth Spaces... |
| {{Redirect|Deleuze|the French botanist|Joseph-Philippe-François Deleuze}}
| |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
| |
| {{Infobox philosopher
| |
| |region = [[Western philosophy]]
| |
| |era = [[20th-century philosophy]]
| |
| |image = MariaSmooth.png}}
| |
| | |
| '''Gilles Deleuze''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|l|uː|z}} {{respell|də|LOOZ}}, {{IPA-fr|ʒil dəløz|lang}}; 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death in 1995, wrote on [[philosophy]], literature, film, and [[fine art]]. His most popular works were the two volumes of ''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]'': ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1972) and ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst [[Félix Guattari]]. His metaphysical treatise ''[[Difference and Repetition]]'' (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his [[magnum opus]].<ref name=SEP>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Gilles Deleuze|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|access-date=17 February 2011}} See also: "''Difference and Repetition'' is definitely the most important work published by Deleuze." (Edouard Morot-Sir, from the back cover of the first edition of the English translation), or James Williams' judgment: "It is nothing less than a revolution in philosophy and stands out as one of the great philosophical works of the twentieth century" (James Williams, ''Gilles Deleuze's Difference and Repetition: A Critical Introduction and Guide'' [Edinburgh UP, 2003], p. 1).</ref>
| |
| | |
| An important part of Deleuze's oeuvre is devoted to the reading of other philosophers: the [[w:Stoicism|Stoics]], [[Leibniz]], [[David Hume|Hume]], [[Kant]], [[Nietzsche]], and [[Henri Bergson|Bergson]], with particular influence derived from [[Spinoza]].<ref>[[Pierre Macherey|Macherey, Pierre]] (1998), 'Deleuze in Spinoza'. In: [[w:Warren Montag|Warren Montag]] (ed.), ''In A Materialist Way: Selected Essays by Pierre Macherey''. (New York: Verso, 1998)</ref> [[A. W. Moore (philosopher)|A. W. Moore]], citing [[Bernard Williams]]'s criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze among the "greatest philosophers".<ref name="Moore" >[[A. W. Moore (philosopher)|A. W. Moore]], [https://books.google.it/books?id=vo-ZLmfwe_oC&pg=PA543 ''The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics: Making Sense of Things''], Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 543: 'intellectual power and depth; a grasp of the sciences; a sense of the political, and of human destructiveness as well as creativity; a broad range and a fertile imagination; an unwillingness to settle for the superficially reassuring; and, in an unusually lucky case, the gifts of a great writer.'</ref> Although he once characterized himself as a "pure [[metaphysician]]",<ref>Beaulieu, Alain; Kazarian, Edward; Sushytska, Julia (eds.): ''Gilles Deleuze and Metaphysics''. (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014)</ref> his work has influenced a variety of disciplines across the [[humanities]], including [[philosophy]], [[art]], and [[literary theory]], as well as movements such as [[post-structuralism]] and [[postmodernism]].<ref name="See 1991">See, for example, [[Steven Best]] and [[Douglas Kellner]], ''Postmodern Theory'' (Guilford Press, 1991), which devotes a chapter to Deleuze and Guattari.</ref>
| |
| | |
| == Life ==
| |
| === Early life ===
| |
| Deleuze was born into a middle-class family in [[Paris]] and lived there for most of his life. His initial schooling was undertaken during [[World War II]], during which time he attended the [[Lycée Carnot]]. He also spent a year in [[khâgne]] at the [[Lycée Henri IV]]. During the [[Nazi occupation of France]], Deleuze's older brother, Georges, was arrested for his participation in the [[French Resistance]], and died while in transit to a concentration camp.<ref>[[François Dosse]], ''Gilles Deleuze and [[Felix Guattari]]: Intersecting Lives'', trans. Deborah Glassman (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), p. 89.</ref> In 1944, Deleuze went to study at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]]. His teachers there included several noted specialists in the history of philosophy, such as [[Georges Canguilhem]], [[Jean Hyppolite]], [[Ferdinand Alquié]], and [[Maurice de Gandillac]]. Deleuze's lifelong interest in the canonical figures of modern philosophy owed much to these teachers.
| |
| | |
| Other scholars in continental philosophy, feminist studies and sexuality studies have taken Deleuze's analysis of the sexual dynamics of sadism and masochism with a level of uncritical celebration following the 1989 Zone Books translation of the 1967 booklet on [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]], ''Le froid et le cruel'' (Coldness and Cruelty). As sexuality historian Alison M. Moore notes, Deleuze's own value placed on difference is poorly reflected in this booklet which fails to differentiate between Masoch's own view of his desire and that imposed upon him by the pathologizing forms of psychiatric thought prevailing in the late nineteenth century which produced the concept of 'masochism' (a term Masoch himself emphatically rejected).<ref>Alison Moore, Recovering Difference in the Deleuzian Dichotomy of Masochism-without-Sadism, ''Angelaki'' volume 14, issue 3</ref>
| |
| | |
| == Bibliography ==
| |
| ;Single-authored
| |
| * ''Empirisme et subjectivité'' (1953). Trans. ''Empiricism and Subjectivity'' (1991).
| |
| * ''Nietzsche et la philosophie'' (1962). Trans. ''[[Nietzsche and Philosophy]]'' (1983).
| |
| * ''La philosophie critique de Kant'' (1963). Trans. ''Kant's Critical Philosophy'' (1983).
| |
| * ''Proust et les signes'' (1964, 3rd exp. ed. 1976). Trans. ''[[Proust and Signs]]'' (1973, 2nd exp. ed. 2000).
| |
| * ''Nietzsche'' (1965). Trans. in ''Pure Immanence'' (2001).
| |
| * ''Le Bergsonisme'' (1966). Trans. ''Bergsonism'' (1988).
| |
| * ''Présentation de Sacher-Masoch'' (1967). Trans. ''[[Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty]]'' (1989).
| |
| * ''Différence et répétition'' (1968). Trans. ''[[Difference and Repetition]]'' (1994).
| |
| * ''Spinoza et le problème de l'expression'' (Paris: Éditions de Minuit, 1968 & 1985). Trans. ''[[Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza]]'' (1990).
| |
| * ''Logique du sens'' (1969). Trans. ''[[The Logic of Sense]]'' (1990).
| |
| * ''Spinoza'' (Paris: PUF, 1970)
| |
| * ''Dialogues'' (1977, 2nd exp. ed. 1996, with [[Claire Parnet]]). Trans. ''[[Dialogues II (Gilles Deleuze)|Dialogues II]]'' (1987, 2nd exp. ed. 2002).
| |
| * 'One Less Manifesto' (1978) in ''Superpositions'' (with [[Carmelo Bene]]).
| |
| * ''Spinoza – Philosophie pratique'', 2nd ed. (Paris: Éditions de Minuit, 1981). Trans. ''[[Spinoza: Practical Philosophy]]'' (1988).
| |
| * ''Francis Bacon – Logique de la sensation'' (1981). Trans. ''[[Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation]]'' (2003).
| |
| * ''Cinéma I: L'image-mouvement'' (1983). Trans. ''[[Cinema 1: The Movement Image|Cinema 1: The Movement-Image]]'' (1986).
| |
| * ''Cinéma II: L'image-temps'' (1985). Trans. ''[[Cinema 2: The Time-Image]]'' (1989).
| |
| * ''Foucault'' (1986). Trans. ''[[Foucault (Deleuze book)|Foucault]]'' (1988).
| |
| * ''Le pli – Leibniz et le baroque'' (1988). Trans. ''The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque'' (1993).
| |
| * ''Périclès et Verdi: La philosophie de Francois Châtelet'' (1988). Trans. in ''Dialogues II'', revised ed. (2007).
| |
| * ''Pourparlers'' (1990). Trans. ''Negotiations'' (1995).
| |
| * ''Critique et clinique'' (1993). Trans. ''Essays Critical and Clinical'' (1997).
| |
| * ''Pure Immanence'' (2001).
| |
| * ''L'île déserte et autres textes'' (2002). Trans. ''Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953–1974'' (2003).
| |
| * ''Deux régimes de fous et autres textes'' (2004). Trans. ''Two Regimes of Madness: Texts and Interviews 1975–1995'' (2006).
| |
| | |
| ;
| |
| ;In collaboration with [[Félix Guattari]]
| |
| * ''Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 1. L'Anti-Œdipe'' (1972). Trans. ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1977).
| |
| * ''On the Line'', New York: [[Semiotext(e)]], translated by John Johnson (1983).
| |
| * ''Kafka: Pour une Littérature Mineure'' (1975). Trans. ''[[Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature]]'' (1986).
| |
| * ''Rhizome'' (1976). Trans., in revised form, in ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1987).
| |
| * ''[[Nomadology: The War Machine]]'' (1986). Trans. in ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1987).
| |
| * ''Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 2. Mille Plateaux'' (1980). Trans. ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1987).
| |
| * ''Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?'' (1991). Trans. ''[[What is Philosophy? (Deleuze and Guattari)|What is Philosophy?]]'' (1994).
| |
| * ''Part I: Deleuze and Guattari on Anti-Oedipus'' of ''Chaosophy: Texts and Interviews 1972–77'' (2009) Edited by Sylvere Lotringer. (pp. 35–118).
| |
| | |
| ;
| |
| ;In collaboration with [[Michel Foucault]]
| |
| * "Intellectuals and Power: A Discussion Between Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault". ''[[TELOS (journal)|TELOS]]'' 16 (Summer 1973). New York: Telos Press (reprinted in ''L'île déserte et autres textes'' / ''Desert Islands and Other Texts''; see above)
| |
| | |
| == Documentaries ==
| |
| * ''[[L'Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze]]'', with Claire Parnet, produced by Pierre-André Boutang. Éditions Montparnasse.
| |
| | |
| == Audio (lectures) ==
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: Immortalité et éternité'' [double CD]. (Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 2001)
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 1'', 2 December 1980. ([[Purdue University]] Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7DF6PDS}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 2'', 9 December 1980. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R78P5XP2}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 3'', 16 December 1980. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R74X560K}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 4'', 6 January 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R71834PG}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 5'', 13 January 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7WH2N66}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 6'', 20 January 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7RR1WF1}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 7'', 27 January 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7N014Q0}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 8'', 3 February 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7H70D0P}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 9'', 10 February 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7CF9N8D}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 10'', 17 February 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R77P8WK4}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 11'', 10 March 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7416V70}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 12'', 17 March 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7VH5M1C}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 13'', 24 March 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R7QR4V9N}}
| |
| * Deleuze, Gilles: ''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought: Lecture 14'', 31 March 1981. (Purdue University Research Repository, 2017) {{doi|10.4231/R70863HN}}. «''Spinoza: The Velocities of Thought''» («''Spinoza: Des vitesses de la pensée''») was a 14-lecture seminar given by Deleuze at the [[University of Paris 8]] from December 1980 to March 1981. Deleuze had previously published two books on Spinoza, including ''Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza'' (''Spinoza et le problème de l'expression'', 1968), and ''Spinoza: Practical Philosophy'' (''Spinoza: Philosophie pratique'', 1970, 2nd ed. 1981). The majority of these lectures were given the same year as the publication of the second edition of the latter title.
| |
| | |
| == See also ==
| |
| {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
| |
| * [[Deleuze and Guattari]]
| |
| * [[Deleuze Studies]] (Deleuze and Guattari Studies)
| |
| * [[Gilbert Simondon]]'s theory of [[individuation]]
| |
| * [[Kantian empiricism]]
| |
| * [[Problem of future contingents]]
| |
| * [[Speculative realism]]
| |
| * [[Transcendental nominalism]]
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| == Notes and references ==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| | |
| == External links ==
| |
| {{commons category}}
| |
| {{wikiquote}}
| |
| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060111103417/http://www.webdeleuze.com/php/sommaire.html Webdeleuze] – Courses & audio {{in lang|fr|en|it|es|pt}}, etc.
| |
| * [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]: "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/ Gilles Deleuze]", by Daniel Smith & John Protevi.
| |
| * [[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]: [http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/deleuze.htm Gilles Deleuze]", by Jon Roffe.
| |
| * [https://archive.today/20120525150452/http://www.webdeleuze.com/php/texte.php?cle=187&groupe=Bibliographie%20et%20mondes%20in%E9dits&langue=2 Near complete bibliography] including various translations
| |
| * [[Alain Badiou]], "[http://www.lacan.com/baddel.htm The Event in Deleuze.]" (English translation).
| |
| * [http://www.protevi.com/john/DG/index.html Lectures and notes on work by Deleuze and Guattari.]
| |
| * [http://www.rhizomes.net Rhizomes.] Online journal inspired by Deleuzian thought.
| |
| * [http://www.langlab.wayne.edu/CStivale/D-G/index.html Web resources] from [[Wayne State University]].
| |
| * [http://www.generation-online.org/p/fpdeleuze7.htm Capitalism: A Very Special Delirium (1995).]
| |
| * [[Institute of Art and Ideas]]: "[https://iai.tv/articles/deleuze-and-the-time-for-non-reason-auid-1243 Deleuze and the Time for Non-Reason]", by James R. Williams.
| |
| | |
| {{Deleuze-Guattari}}
| |
| {{continental philosophy}}
| |
| {{metaphysics}}
| |
| {{Epistemology}}
| |
| {{Social and political philosophy}}
| |
| {{Aesthetics}}
| |
| {{Relational art}}
| |
| | |
| {{Authority control}}
| |
| | |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Deleuze, Gilles}}
| |
| [[Category:Gilles Deleuze| ]]
| |
| [[Category:1925 births]]
| |
| [[Category:1995 suicides]]
| |
| [[Category:20th-century atheists]]
| |
| [[Category:20th-century French historians]]
| |
| [[Category:20th-century French non-fiction writers]]
| |
| [[Category:20th-century French philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Anti-psychiatry]]
| |
| [[Category:Atheist philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Continental philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Cultural critics]]
| |
| [[Category:Empiricists]]
| |
| [[Category:Epistemologists]]
| |
| [[Category:Film theorists]]
| |
| [[Category:Foucault scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:Franz Kafka scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:French anti-capitalists]]
| |
| [[Category:French anti-fascists]]
| |
| [[Category:French atheists]]
| |
| [[Category:French essayists]]
| |
| [[Category:French ethicists]]
| |
| [[Category:French historians of philosophy]]
| |
| [[Category:French male non-fiction writers]]
| |
| [[Category:French political philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:French social commentators]]
| |
| [[Category:Hegel scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:Hume scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:Kant scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:Literacy and society theorists]]
| |
| [[Category:Literary theorists]]
| |
| [[Category:Lycée Carnot alumni]]
| |
| [[Category:Lycée Henri-IV alumni]]
| |
| [[Category:Mass media theorists]]
| |
| [[Category:Materialists]]
| |
| [[Category:Metaphilosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Metaphysicians]]
| |
| [[Category:Moral philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Neo-Spinozism]]
| |
| [[Category:Nietzsche scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:Ontologists]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of art]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of culture]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of economics]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of education]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of ethics and morality]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of history]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of literature]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of love]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of mind]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of psychology]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of science]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophers of sexuality]]
| |
| [[Category:Philosophy writers]]
| |
| [[Category:Political philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Poststructuralists]]
| |
| [[Category:Scholars of Marxism]]
| |
| [[Category:Social critics]]
| |
| [[Category:Social philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Spinoza scholars]]
| |
| [[Category:Spinozist philosophers]]
| |
| [[Category:Suicides by jumping in France]]
| |
| [[Category:Suicides in France]]
| |
| [[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
| |
| [[Category:University of Paris faculty]]
| |
| [[Category:Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis faculty]]
| |
| [[Category:Writers from Paris]]
| |